None

None is a special value that means "nothing here". It is its own type, NoneType.

None means no value

python
x = None
print(x)

### None
print(type(x))

### <class 'NoneType'>

A default placeholder

Functions often return None when there is nothing to return:

python
def greet(name):
    if name:
        return "Hello " + name

### no return means None

print(greet("Ada"))

### Hello Ada
print(greet(""))

### None

Check for None

Use is or is not to test for None:

python
x = None
if x is None:
    print("Nothing here")

The identity test is None is the recommended style.

None is falsy

In a boolean context, None counts as false:

python
if None:
    print("won't run")
else:
    print("None is falsy")

Common uses

• Optional function arguments: def build(name=None):
• Placeholder before a real value is assigned.
• Signals from functions that have no result.

TL;DR

• None means "no value" and has type NoneType.
• Functions without a return give None.
• Test with is None and is not None.
• In conditions, None is falsy.