Math

Math

Python has a set of built-in math functions plus a full math module.

Built-in math functions

These work without any import:

x = min(5, 10, 25)   # 5
y = max(5, 10, 25)   # 25
print(abs(-7.25))    # 7.25
print(pow(4, 3))     # 64  (4 to the power 3)

The math module

Import it for the full toolkit:

import math

Square root and ceiling

print(math.sqrt(64))   # 8.0
print(math.ceil(1.4))  # 2
print(math.floor(1.4)) # 1

Constants

print(math.pi)   # 3.141592653589793
print(math.e)    # 2.718281828459045

Trigonometry

print(math.sin(0))     # 0.0
print(math.cos(0))     # 1.0
print(math.tan(0))     # 0.0

Logarithm and others

print(math.log(2))       # natural log
print(math.log10(100))   # 2.0
print(math.gcd(12, 8))   # 4
print(math.factorial(5)) # 120

TL;DR

• Built-ins: min, max, abs, pow.
• math module: sqrt, ceil, floor, pi, e, trig, log.
• import math unlocks the whole toolkit.
• Constants pi and e come from the module.