UPDATE Statement

The UPDATE statement modifies existing rows.

Basic syntax

sql

### UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName = 'Alfred Schmidt', City = 'Frankfurt'

### WHERE CustomerID = 1;

• SET lists the columns to change and their new values.
• WHERE picks which rows to change.

BE CAREFUL: UPDATE without WHERE

sql

### UPDATE Customers

### SET ContactName = 'Nobody';

This updates every row in the table! Always check your WHERE clause.

Update multiple rows

sql

### UPDATE Customers

### SET ContactName = 'Juan'

### WHERE Country = 'Mexico';

Updates every customer in Mexico.

The safe pattern

1. First run a SELECT with the same WHERE to see what matches.

1. Then run the UPDATE.

sql
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID = 1; - check
UPDATE Customers SET ContactName = 'New Name' WHERE CustomerID = 1; - change

TL;DR

• UPDATE changes existing rows.
• SET holds the new values.
• WHERE decides which rows change.
• Forgetting WHERE updates every row.